Ahave to / has to + V1
have to bir şeyi yapmanın gerekli olduğunu, çoğu zaman bir kural ya da durum yüzünden zorunlu olduğunu anlatır.
| Özne | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| I / we / you / they | have to | Researchers have to get ethical approval before the study. |
| he / she / it | has to | The pilot has to check the instruments before take-off. |
- Astronauts on the space station have to exercise for about two hours a day.Uzay istasyonundaki astronotlar günde yaklaşık iki saat egzersiz yapmak zorundadır.
YÖKDİL ipucuUzay istasyonunda kaslar ve kemikler zayıflar; bu yüzden egzersiz zorunludur.
Bhad to, will have to, have had to
must'ın geçmişi ve geleceği yoktur; bu zamanlarda have to kullanılır.
| Zaman | Örnek |
|---|---|
| had to (geçmiş) | The team had to cancel the launch because of strong winds. |
| will have to (gelecek) | If the data are wrong, we will have to repeat the study. |
| have had to (present perfect) | Many farmers have had to change their crops because of the drought. |
| having to (-ing) | I hate having to wear a mask all day in the lab. |
- During the pandemic, many scientists had to work from home.Salgın sırasında birçok bilim insanı evden çalışmak zorunda kaldı.
YÖKDİL ipucu"musted" ✗, "will must" ✗ → had to, will have to.
Cdon't have to; soru biçimi
don't / doesn't / didn't have to = gerek yok, zorunlu değil (yasak değil!). Soru: Do / Does / Did … have to …?
| Olumsuz | Soru |
|---|---|
| Students don't have to wear a lab coat in the computer room. | Do we have to wear gloves? |
| The patient doesn't have to stay in hospital. | Does the sample have to be frozen? |
| We didn't have to wait long for the results. | Did you have to repeat the test? |
- In this clinic, patients don't have to make an appointment.Bu klinikte hastaların randevu alması gerekmez.
YÖKDİL ipucudon't have to (gerek yok) ≠ mustn't (yasak). You don't have to come early. / You mustn't come late.
Dmust mi, have to mu?
İkisi de zorunluluk bildirir ve çoğu zaman yer değiştirebilir. İnce farklar:
| must | have to |
|---|---|
| Konuşanın kendi gördüğü zorunluluk, yazılı kurallar | Dışarıdan gelen zorunluluk (kural, yasa, durum) |
| I must study harder. (kendi kararım) | I have to submit my thesis by June. (üniversite kuralı) |
| Yalnız şimdi / gelecek için | Her zamanda: had to, will have to |
| Olumsuzu mustn't = yasak | Olumsuzu don't have to = gerek yok |
- The drug must be taken with food. (talimat) / Patients have to pay for the drug themselves. (kural)İlaç yemekle alınmalıdır. / Hastalar ilacın parasını kendileri ödemek zorundadır.
YÖKDİL ipucuYÖKDİL'de olumsuz şıklara dikkat: anlam "gerek yok" ise don't have to / needn't, "yapma" ise mustn't.
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